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Andrew Jackson
i
Conclusion
Outside of Van Buren, Jackson's cabinet, like many strong president's, was
weak, and like many strong presidents he formed a coterie of friends who were all
powerful. They are known to historians as his "kitchen cabinet" from the legend
they sneaked into the White House through kitchen's back door. They were:
Tennessians Eaton, Lewis and Donelson. Others were: Editors Amos Kendall
from Kentucky, Isaac Hill of New Hampshire, Francis P. Blair, who was
summoned from Kentucky to edit the Jackson newspaper, The Washington
Globe, Roger B. Taney of Maryland, and finally, the most influential of all, Martin
Van Buren.
The big scandal of the Jackson Administration was the Eaton Affair. John Eaton,
a widower, married the daughter of a Washington innkeeper, Peggy O'Neale, a
pretty wench who was his barmaid and exchanged quips with the Washington
pole, She had been married to a navy purser, John Timberlake, who committed
suicide at sea. Eaton shocked polite society by marrying Peggy with Jackson's
approbation two months after her husband s death. The uproar in Washington
society was similar to the marriage of King Edward VIII to Wallis Warfieid Simpson
whose English Harvard-educated husband, when notified that an English court
awarded her a divorce from him, uttered these famous words, "I regret I have but
one wife to give to my king."
Protestant ministers jumped into the fray. This aroused Jackson's deep-seated
enmity arising out of his sensitiveness over the abuse he took over his marriage to
his now-deceased wife Rachel. So bitter was the affair that a cabinet meeting was
called featuring two Protestant pastors in the absence of Eaton. Calhoun and
Webster jumped into the fracas and both were scorched, finding that Jackson was
his own man.
Jackson, unlike other presidents who kept their distances under the eparation
of the three branches of government, sent his lieutenants into Congress to lobby
laws he desired. In short, he was our first modern president. South Carolina, in a
squabble over the federal tariff, came up with an argument that a state could
nullify any federal measure that it did not approve. On April 13, 1830 there was a
banquet hosted by the Democrats in Washington on Thomas jefferson's birthday.
Asked to give a toast, Old Hickory stared at Calhoun and the nullifiers. Raising his
glass he toasted, "Our federal union, it must be preserved."
An original history
w,
the treasury of federal funds made it powerful. The bank could and did print
currency.
Jackson earlier bought stock in the bank and he seemed to realize it was a
stabilizing financial factor in the nation. Why the change in attitude? It can be
summarized. Jackson represented the resentment of the debtor Westover:
• the banks refusal to countenance inflation and;
• the high interest rates charged by the bank's branches. Jackson regarded the
bank as a privileged corporation inimical to democratic principles and;
• finally, he suspected Biddle of giving loans to his political adversaries, trying to
undermine his administration.
Henry Clay is the villain in endeavoring to bring the bank controversy to a
head. He persuaded Nicholas Biddle to apply for an early renewal of the bank's
charter, though the old charter was not to expire until 1836. The Bank Recharter
Bill passed both houses of Congress but was vetoed by President Jackson in a
strong message denouncing the United States Bank and its practices He
maintained:
• that the bank was unconstitutional;
• that it became a dangerous monopoly;
• that its stock was concentrated in the hands of Eastern industrialists and foreign
capitalists (who had no vote);
• that its policies were hostile to the interests of the small banks throughout the
West.
Henry Clay convinced he could win the presidential election in 1832, backed
by Biddle and the conservative interests, but he became the John Dewey of the
victorious Westerners. Roger B. Taney, Secretary of Treasury, pulled the
government surpluses out of the Bank of the United States and deposited them in
state banks called "Pet Banks." This set off one of the biggest booms in U.S.
history, followed by the panic of 1837. The question: Will Americans ever learn?
There was no Secret Service as we know today and Jackson had no personal
guards. The presidential party steamboating on the Potomac River May 6. 1833.
docking at Alexandria next to George Washington's Mt. Vernon, a discharged
naval lieutenant, one Robert B. Randolph marched into President Jackson's cabin
and slammed his fist into the president's face. Leaving the bloodied president he
calmly walked off the ship with friends. Astonishingly, no arrests were made at the
time. in January 1835 the first attempt to assassinate a president Was made by a
lunatic Richard Lawrence in the capital at the funeral of Congressman Warren R.
Davis. The would-be assiassin fired not only one, but two pistols within six feet of
THE PONCHATOULA TIMES, MAY 30, 1985, PAGE EIGI-rl
By Bernard V. McMahon
I
A year later in January 1832 in the White House a visiting Philadelphia surgeon
offered to remove Thomas Hart Benton's slug from President Jackson's arm-
Leaning on his cane the slug was cut out. He showed it to dinner guests that night
in the White House.
On June 6, 1833 he was the first president to ride on a steam railroad, the
Baltimore and Ohio, from outside of Washington to Baltimore.
On a spring day in 1834 President Jackson rode out to the Washington
National Jockey Club to observe his White House stable. One of the horses was a
stallion owned by a friend of Jackson's named Irvine. This was a powerful horse
unfortunately not fully broken-in, so when Jessie, a White House jockey,.
mounted him after being held by two struggling men, he reared up snorting an,
crashed into a fence scaring the crowd, which scattered. Martin Van Buren th,.
vice president, was in the presidential party and onlookers heard Jackson in his
high pitch voice screaming, "Get behind me, Mr. Van Buren."
On March 6, 1837 after the inauguration of Van Buren, the presidential
carriage "The Constitution" rolled up the White House drive. Jackson ,va
• traveling home over President-elect Van Buren's protests but Van Buren insisted
as a presidential prerogative that Surgeon General Thomas Lawson accompan'
Jackson to The Hermitage. He started on the B&O to Ellicot s Mills, Md., b
coach to Wheeling, West Va., and finally steamer to Nashville, Tennessee.
SEE PAGE THIRTEI
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386-6569 Sam & Bonnie Sue Relan
The greedy whites looked upon the Cherokee Indians' highly developed President Jackson. Both pistols misfired at odds of a million-to-one.
agriculture civilization in Georgia and Mississippi with greed. Although rebuffed by In" the last days of his administration President Jackson forced a settlement of ,,.
John Marshall's Supreme Court, they crowded upon Indian lands contrary to debts Owed by France, negotiated land boundaries with Great Britain. sponsored " Ii1,
treaties. Here begins Aridrew Jackson's betrayal. He forced the Indians off their his prodigy Sam Houston in Texas and, using his presidential powers, elected _ . _ m, .....
lands to what is now Oklahoma. This action by President Andrew Jackson can be Martin Van Buren president of the United States. L i o n e I B a r r e t t 3 8 O- O ] 1 4
only compared with the savageries of Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin. Jackson is In 1831 the presidential carriage trundled into Maryland carrying President " .
a great Americ0n hero but what he did forcing the. Indians with their women and Andrew Jackson and Treasury Secretary Louis McLane to the magnificent estate II Inl W II
children over the "Trail of Tears" should win him one of the lowest places in hell of Charles Carrol of Carrelton, a Catholic who was celebrating his ninety-fourth
, along with the two dictators, birthdate. He was the last living signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Jackson now decided the time was ripe to take on the Second United States " " " - ----'-"--- "---'-'-""
Bank and smash it. He succeeded. His adversary was Nicholas Blddle, president t. aosepn wins i _. - :' "" 4, " -' -"
of the bank. A son of a Philadelphia banker Biddle entered the University of )
Pennsy]vania and completed the course of study at the tender age of thirteen, I --
sh°ck'ng the facu'ty m°ssbacks wh° refused him a degree because they said he Bib'e c°ntest i ] ]h][
was too young. Entering Princeton he graduated valedictorian at the age of
fifteen. At eighteen he was secretary to the American minister in France where he i
handled financial details of the Louisiana Purchase. I- ) 7- t,
Returnin home he was made vice- resident of the Bank of the United States St Joseph School received first place
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with its 27 ?gencies and branches. Thibank's president ruled the commerce, the ,n the Diocesan Bible, ontest school ,,,__:_..:, ",.,k,, ..;, ,_, __JI .... ....,. io .... E[- ,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,- ;L
• - . . .. . awaras ola meoal winners are' I
industry and husbandry of the nation. By expanding or contracting creoits ne .... L ........ " ,, - '
eooran vugn ano Lance vmer
could make money plentiful or scarce, brisk or dull, except in New England where <'1 . , . • . IM .. '!"-- , "| / i I i I J . , i,mmm ., , I I
oiver meaai winners are ean II111 {El ilJ I L
there were powerful independent banks : '
• . . Behalf, Nancy Latino, Ran Lavigne and n ] 'i
When Washington was still smouldering in burning ruins and the treasury Tami Tucker •1 i
was empty Monroe appealed to Biddle to reconstruct the banking system. Thishe Bronze medal winners are" "r-.L.- " Ill jI
did by reestabltshing the Bank of the United States for the second time In1823at Duvic Darrl J Falcon "o ";°'''a I r... ir ILl III lllIl llMi'I ----------} I
the age of 37 he was elected president and under his leadership the bank Bouroeoiso , Teresa Little, L,,notto... Pinlnn,_ II II:111"IIT IIlll* J'l II1 II II
expanded and boomed. Control of the 25 man board of directors was in the and Lester Richoux "" "' "° "" " 1-4 I/I //
hands of the stockholders except five of the directors who were appointed by the Certificates of "merit are" Jason BK || I/I II/I "I Iillll/ ' . ! I l/
President of the United States. Many historians believe the bank could have been Adams Paul Jackson Anna Mc'" * Jl[" ,w . 1'-I I I I II IB • I I /
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saved if a majority were appointed by the president. Interest-free deposits from and Tara Yenni ,_
Fifth Street Curb Mkt. !
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